Section 3 presents an overview of the market, highlighting a taxonomy of the different types of EVs, the evolution of sales of EVs, and the current market situation. The remainder of the paper is structured, as follows: Section 2 presents the most relevant surveys available in the literature, and motivates the need of our work. ![]() Overall, the insight and contributions of our work are the following: (i) we present an analysis of the existing surveys in the literature, motivating the need of our work, since we present some aspects that had not been dealt with before, and we cover the latest works that are presented in the literature, (ii) we analyze the current worldwide market situation of EVs and their prospects, (iii) we make a thorough review of the battery technologies-from the lead-acid batteries to the Lithium-ion, including the latest technologies, such as graphene, (iv) we review the different standards available for EV charge, as well as the types of connectors that are defined by them, (v) we present the most relevant works related to Battery Management Systems (BMSs), thermal management, and power electronics, and (vi) we conclude our work by discussing what is shortly expected in this field, as well as the research aspects, which, in our opinion, are still open for both industry and academic community. Figure 2 depicts the main topics that are presented in the paper. ![]() In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of the most important aspects of EV technologies, charging modes, and the research carried out by different research teams and labs.
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